Initial Post Response for SCOP Model -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: What measures would you use in a professional Amazon.com to assess the companys execution? Answer: Amazons plan of action is profoundly relied upon the flexibly chain the board as the serious business methodology of the association is to convey the items at all conceivable time to the shoppers. The Same Day Delivery or the Drone Delivery are the flexibly chain activities attempted by Amazon. So as to assess the companys execution, beneath referenced measures can be utilized: Gracefully Chain Council SCOP Model: Process duration measurements can be utilized to compute creation process duration and money to money cycle The cost measurements help to assess cost per shipment and cost per distribution center pick (Estampe et al., 2013). The administration/quality measurements to quantify deficient items and on-time shipment. Strategic Scoreboard: Coordinations budgetary execution gauges that quantifies the costs and the arrival on the benefits Coordinations efficiency gauges that would compute the quantity of requests delivered every hour and the vehicle compartment usage The coordinations process duration measure that gauges the in travel and request section time (Karim Arif-Uz-Zaman, 2013). Action Based Costing: It is the strategy for separating the individual expense and evaluating the assets including time and cost. It depends on this cost the driving expenses are somewhat determined. This aides in better efficiency (Delen, Kuzey Uyar, 2013). Financial worth included: This strategy can be utilized to correct the customary mean of bookkeeping. This is utilized to gauge the worth included commitment of the undertaking alongside the estimation of the partners. With this, better proposals on the strategic methodology can be made also. References: Delen, D., Kuzey, C., Uyar, A. (2013). Estimating firm execution utilizing budgetary proportions: A choice tree approach.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), 3970-3983. Estampe, D., Lamouri, S., Paris, J. L., Brahim-Djelloul, S. (2013). A system for examining flexibly chain execution assessment models.International Journal of Production Economics,142(2), 247-258. Karim, An., Arif-Uz-Zaman, K. (2013). A strategy for successful usage of lean techniques and its presentation assessment in assembling organizations.Business Process Management Journal,19(1), 169-196.

Planning and Implementing Change in Organisation

Question: Talk about the Planning and Implementing Change in Organization. Answer: Presentation Authoritative Change the executives is a term utilized for dealing with the progressions which continue happening in an associations working conditions relating to its kin and projects(Graetz Rimmer, 2012). New changes are the progressions which may happen in close or far future. For instance changes in the structure and the way of life of an association. Change specialists are on-screen characters inside or outside of an association who start or execute the change.(Goksoy, 2015). Change is a steady procedure happening because of change in information, innovation and frameworks. There are different hypotheses which survey and plan strategies for taking care of progress in an association. Utilization of unpredictability hypothesis by change specialists to comprehend rising change Multifaceted nature hypothesis considers association as an arrangement of complex frameworks which underscores on cooperations and input circles to oversee change(Lanning, 2014). Unpredictability hypothesis helps in seeing how firms adjust to a specific change in nature. As indicated by this hypothesis, associations are perplexing and dynamic system of communications. There are three distinct hypotheses or models in unpredictability theory(Devlin, et al., 2012). In the disorder hypothesis, hierarchical frameworks are viewed as delicate to little changes. The new changes permeate into these frameworks quick can make bedlam and confusion.(Bridges, 2017). Learning, development and versatility can evacuate tumult and bring request under such frameworks. Another type of unpredictability hypothesis is mind boggling versatile frameworks hypothesis. This hypothesis specifies that frameworks in an association are differing yet versatile to rising change commonly. As indicated by this hypothesis developing change is dynamic and flighty. Thusly, the need to learn is fundamental for a framework to endure the change. Case of differing versatile framework is the stock exchange,(Agboro, 2015). Change operators must adjust the requirement for solidness with the need to adjust to the new change. Third significant hypothesis of multifaceted nature hypothesis is nonlinear hypothesis. Specialists with in a framework have assorted conduct and the entirety of the conduct of the framework may not be the aggregate of the considerable number of parts of the system(Hensmans, et al., 2012). As per multifaceted nature hypothesis frameworks in an association continually collaborate and adjust to each other(Pycroft Bartollas, 2014) Therefore, adaption to rising change doesn't occur in light of any arranged movement yet because of versatile frameworks. A significant idea engendered by multifaceted nature hypothesis is that no controller can really deal with these frameworks in an occasion of authoritative change(Verity, 2012). This hypothesis additionally propounds that response to rising change is an aftereffect of aggregate versatility as opposed to individual action(Devlin, et al., 2012). Scholars give a case of a subterranean insect settlement which may move to a specific nourishment source because of aggregate activity and not because of an individual choice. The idea of self-association and ongoing reaction is another significant idea of multifaceted nature hypothesis According to this hypothesis associations need to self-sort out themselves in case of new change without interior or outside control instrument. For self-association to happen there ought to be open correspondence and availability among all pieces of the association. Whole association ought to be available to new thoughts and assorted variety of perspectives with respect to flexibility to change. Another idea in intricacy hypothesis is the edge of bedlam. This expression is utilized to characterize the slim line among request and disarray in an association or any system(Bridges, 2017). It can likewise be comprehended as the progress space between continuous request in a framework and the turmoil which may follow if a new change happens. Associations can deal with change and abstain from falling into bedlam by nonstop development and upgrades in their activities The most significant point spread by unpredictability hypothesis is that associations are framed of complex frameworks and developing change can't be manged through control(Agboro, 2015). This is on the grounds that change is dynamic and can arrive at an associations framework whenever in any way. Hence, it is critical to keep data stream and input circles open so as to forestall turmoil and disappointment of the association in the wake of new change(Hensmans, et al., 2012). A criticism circle is a structure where yield originates from one hub which prompts in the long run input going into the equivalent node(Agboro, 2015). In business terms the pioneer ought to give data to the group of workers in regards to a developing change and should get thoughts from the subordinate towards adjusting to this change; thus, making a criticism circle. For instance, if another firm is securing a firm, this circumstance can be named as a developing change. As per intricacy hypothesis this change can't be overseen through unbending control, as the frameworks inside the association have no clue about the approaches of this new firms and how they will deal with the association once they gain it. Consequently, pioneer needs to keep the data stream dynamic and adjust to the new change when it shows up through connection and correspondence. Intricacy hypothesis adopts a naturalist strategy to change the executives and proliferates learning, information the board and development to advance with the change and adjust to it(Hensmans, et al., 2012). Intricacy hypothesis additionally advocates that associations ought to become learning association and fuse information the executives so as to adjust to change. As per this hypothesis change can't be overseen through control however specialists of progress can comprehend change by persistently connecting and learning new and creative things. End Unpredictability hypothesis helps authoritative pioneers in review associations as frameworks which are in content communication with one another and are inalienably versatile. Intricacy hypothesis advances learning, information the board and assorted variety of reasoning and thought age to oversee change in a hierarchical framework. This hypothesis urges the change specialist to try as opposed to go with unbending control component. Multifaceted nature hypothesis is reprimanded in light of the fact that it is hard to apply in genuine circumstance as self-association and versatility may not happen rapidly prompting disappointment of the association. Certain scholars accept that the route forward is to make orders for the change operators and let them adjust to new changes with the assistance of self-association under these mandate. References Agboro, A. J., (2015) Change Management and its Implications for HR Activities. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Scaffolds, W., (2017) Managing Transitions: Making the Most of Change. Boston: Da Capo Press. Devlin, An., Elvira, M., Ramire, J. Zapata-Cantu, L., (2012) Understanding Organizations in Complex, Emergent and Uncertain Environments. Humburg: Springer. Goksoy, A., (2015) Organizational Change Management Strategies in Modern Business. Harshey: IGI. Graetz, F. Rimmer, M., (2012) Managing Organizational Change. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Hensmans, M., Johnson, G. Howl, G., (2012) Strategic Transformation: Changing While Winning. Hamburg: Springer. Lanning, H., (2014) Planning and actualizing change in associations. Norderstedt: GRIN Verlag. Pycroft, A. Bartollas, C., (2014) Applying Complexity Theory: Whole Systems Approaches to Criminal Justice and Social Work. Bristol: Policy Press. Verity, J., (2012) The New Strategic Landscape: Innovative Perspectives on Strategy. Hamburg: Springer.

Effects Of Advertisements On Children s Advertising

Pollay (1986) had suggested that advertisements are very persuasive and use stereotypical portrayals when using sexual content and therefore, those adverts have a way of manipulating the consumer by using sex appeals. Those advertisements use fantasies and illusions to draw the buyer in rather than the reality to manipulate the buyer into wanting things that they in reality may not need in the first place. (Klempner, 2004, Zailckas, 2006). Younger people are harder to connect with so adverts need such content to draw the younger viewers in (Strasburge and Donnerstein, 1999). McInnis et al (1991) stated that the adverts must draw attention of the consumer so the advertisers use cues that the consumer will be sensitive; as a result, this†¦show more content†¦Alexander and Judd, (1979) found that nudity does gather more attention of the consumer, yet it does not make individuals remember the advertisement better than any other advertisement type, nor do they recall any positive or negative feelings toward the product. However, the advertisers must know who their target audience is to make sure that the appeal is there and not to arouse any negative feeling toward the product (Alexnder and Jude, 1986). Patterson and Kerin, (1977), found that advertisements which contain nudity had been perceived in a less favourable light and to be more offensive. What need to be taken into consideration with this research is that it is very outdated. That might have been the case during the 70’s when nudity did not play such a big role in the society. More current research states that when companies use nudity in their adverts, it will improve the recognition of the product (Jones, Stanaland and Gelb, 1998). LaTour (1986) stated that as levels of nudity in the adverts increase, the appeal is weakened greatly or looked upon negatively. Steadman (1969) had found that when brands recall what was concerned, it was better when there was no nudity as opposed to when nudity was used. Alexander and Judd (1978) found when males were about to recall what they have seen on an advert, they recalled more on an advert where no nudity was involved. Peterson and Kerin (1977) had conducted an experiment when

The Paradox Of Participation Political And Economic...

The â€Å"Paradox of Participation† in Marketing Democracy In her book Marketing Democracy: Power and Social Movements in Post-Dictatorship Chile Julia Paley thoughtfully criticizes contemporary Chilean democracy. The author interprets Chile as the political and economic model for developing countries. She depicts the Chileans’ struggle for mobilization and critique of the democracy that has evolved as a result of the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The book is written in accessible and descriptive prose, which allows Paley to raise a couple of questions concerning the governance in the country and the era allegedly adherent to â€Å"participation†, â€Å"growth with equity†, and â€Å"democracy†. Chile’s economic and political history of the last 30 years undergoes regional typologies. Its iconoclasm indicates national processes of governance that utter disturbing questions about the character of current neoliberal reforms, as wel l as about the Chilian nature of democracy. The reforms, successfully tested under the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, have followed democratic transitions in the former Soviet bloc, the collapse of Marxism, civil wars in Central America and a range of other events. The relationship between political action and political knowledge – the way it is produced, co-opted and constrained, and the way it can be used as a weapon against a democratic regime - is being closely examined by Julia Paley in her work. She illustrates how the objective and abstractShow MoreRelatedDemocracy in Latin America Essay2761 Words   |  12 PagesNow days democracy has been establish in every Latin America country except Cuba, which is still a socialist state. It seemed that every other alternative form of government such as Marxism or Leninism has failed and been replaced by democracy. Furthermore it looks like people in Latin American really enjoy democracy and its’ benefits, as they also consider it to be the best form of government. 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To what extent and in what ways are people fixed and...

Charles Darwin was not only a pioneer in evolutionary psychology, also today’s theories of modern lifespan development draw on and are influenced by Darwin’s ideas. His functionalist perspective primarily focused on the reason for development of specific human characteristics over many generations, and therefore an enormously long timescale. However, inspired by the observations in the development his own son, Darwin also acknowledged that â€Å"an individual is the result of a gradual sequence of prior changes, both in a broad evolutionary sense and within individual’s own lifetime and further development and changes lies ahead† (Cooper and Roth, p.50, 2003). This notion provided the basis for other researchers to further explore the†¦show more content†¦He himself called his area of interest â€Å"genetic epistemology† (Cooper and Roth, p.5, 2003). It aimed to identifiy how human delevop cognitive capacities. Piaget recognized that errors that children made in intelligence tests apparently occurred systematically and used these errors to identfy the mental processes in achieving cognitive abilities. He identified four stages in which children intellectually adapt to their environment but, characteristically for the organismic approach, also believed that intellectual maturity is achieved as an end-product. He considered that with achievement of adulthood our cognitive abilities are fixed. Today almost every adult is, voluntarily or forcefully, faced with new intellectual challenges throughout his/her life. Whether it is learning a new language or taking on a new job, enrolling at a long-distance university or taking up courses in a particular area of interest or hobby, our adult intellect is still frequently required to adapt to changes and progress. While Piaget failed to acknowledge learning processes of adults, he also did not account for external influences such as access to educational support, cultural and social surroundings as well as internal influences e.g. confidence, motivation that can very much influence the level of attainment. He has been criticised for his very simplistic approach of human intelligence and has neglected toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Our Language Changes Through Time and Events1528 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This work is part of my academic practice. The purpose of this study is to observe that variation of the language depends not only on the social and geographic origin but as well as it changes in according to the action which is going on by someone. For example addressing to students, writing lectures, delivering religious speech. 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Organization Behaviour Perceived Organization

Question: You are required to write an executive summary of the article. Your summary must summarise the main points of the article, and how you see its relevance for organisational behaviour. 1) Discuss the purpose or intent of the journal article; 2) Identify and briefly describe the research methods used by the authors 3) Identify the key themes/ arguments of the article; and 4) Discuss the practical implications of the journal article. Answer: Executive Summary Purpose of the journal article The article written by Joyce et al. (2007) focused on role of organizational leaders in controlling employees workplace emotions. The purpose of the research is to find out effects of supervisors and managers on the emotion of the employees in a natural work phenomenon. They tried to examine direct effect of leadership behaviour of organizational leaders on employees experienced emotion, expressed emotions and emotional regulations. They developed their study from the gap of the previous literatures. They found from previous studies that regulating emotion of employees has direct connection with cardiovascular system activation, stress and physical symptoms etc. Hence, the authors conducted the study for further development of previous studies in an extensive way. Research methods used by authors The researchers selected sampling methodology for the survey. They followed within-person analysis to focus on values of each respondent in the organization. They randomly selected 57 employees of an ambulatory health care organization. Most of the respondents were women and average age was 41 years. The researcher collected both survey data and experience sampling data from the participants. Seven variables were chosen to conduct the survey. The variables are Supervisors leadership behaviours, general job satisfaction, Work status and interactions, momentary job satisfaction, affective experiences, momentary stress and overall stress. The selected emotions were scaled from 1 to 7 to assess the level of emotions. The decision about effect of organizational leadership on employees emotion was taken after data analysis. The collected data were analyzed through statistical method. Key arguments of the essay The key ideas of the article are the relationship between organizational leadership and employees emotion. It has been considered in the research paper that leadership attitude of an organizations leaders and supervisors have impact on employees mood and job performance. Stress, physical hazard depends on emotional experiences in the work place. The researcher has conducted the research assuming positive relation between supervisors leadership effects on employees emotion. From employees perspective the researcher thought that the supervisors evaluate the performance of the employees through direct interaction. This interaction may increase anxiety of the employees about their performance. During direction interaction, employees may hide their emotional expressions, which can create negative effects. Therefore, overall finding of the research is that although most supervisory interactions are positive, net effect of interaction with supervisors are little negative. The net negative e ffect is due to stronger effect of negative interaction on employees mood. In order to link the leadership behaviour of manager and supervisors, the researcher considered self-determination theory and the goal self-concordance model. It has been mentioned in the paper that, when the employees follow self regulation process of their emotions in the work place, they feel a separation from self. However, this effect is not always true as there may be other conditions that may remove the negative effects of emotional regulations. It has been argued that social functioning influence the emotion of the employees. The findings of the research suggest that emotional regulations on stress may be partly physiological because emotional regulation can lead to cardiac arousal. Moreover, it has been found that the effect of emotional regulation on employees job satisfaction is short lived. Practical implications of the journal article The research findings of this paper can be applied in practical scenario. As the theories and propositions considered in the study are related to employees job satisfaction, the article has practical implications. Generally, employees emotions affect the job performance. Every employee has their happiness, excitement and enthusiasm, which are likely to affect job performance positively (Shin et al. 2012). There are emotions such as frustrations, disappointment and worry, which reduces job performance and job satisfaction negatively. Negative emotions can reduce productivity of the employees, which may adversely affect the overall performance of the organization (Meisler and Vigoda-Gadot 2014). The leaders of the organization has important role to motivate the employees to increase job performance by controlling personal emotions. There are some employees, who can control their personal emotions in the work place. However, not every employee can do this. Te leadership has important role in this respect. The managers and supervisors can help the employees to resolve their problems by giving attention to listen problems. If leadership attitude can increase job satisfaction of employees, they can involve themselves more with the organization. Any cultural and social discrimination may affect the employees emotion (Fisk and Friesen 2012). Moreover, if communication between organizational leaders and employees create stress and physical problem of employees, these may reduce job satisfaction. Therefore, the employees, who cannot adjust themselves with organizational environment, may decide to change the organization. Employee turnover negatively affects the performance of the or ganization. Hence, in present days, organizations give values to the employees emotion and job satisfaction level. References Meisler, G. and Vigoda-Gadot, E., 2014. Perceived organizational politics, emotional intelligence and work outcomes: empirical exploration of direct and indirect effects.Personnel Review,43(1), pp.116-135. Shin, J., Taylor, M.S. and Seo, M.G., 2012. Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change.Academy of Management journal,55(3), pp.727-748. Fisk, G.M. and Friesen, J.P., 2012. Perceptions of leader emotion regulation and LMX as predictors of followers' job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behaviors.The Leadership Quarterly,23(1), pp.1-12.

When I visited my local dental surgery Essay Example

When I visited my local dental surgery Essay When I visited my local dental surgery I noticed that they use a manual filing system and I felt that they could benefit from having computerised version, as it would save both time and effort for the receptionists. The organisation The Dent Care Ltd is a medium size dental surgery based in Burnt Oak. The clinic deals with all aspects of primary dental care that includes regular inspection checks (every 6 months), teeth extraction, fillings, capping and bridging to denture fitting. All work is carried out under local anaesthetic. Where major prolonged work is required they are referred to specialist dental clinic where work can be carried out under sudation. The clinic is owned in partnership by the three dental surgeons and each has a dental nurse and two receptionists all of whom are computer literate and can operate the PC without much difficulty. We will write a custom essay sample on When I visited my local dental surgery specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on When I visited my local dental surgery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on When I visited my local dental surgery specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer At the moment, the clinic has an 80386 Compaq PC and a HP desk Jet Printer that the receptionist use for typing letters, invoices using Microsoft Word. The patients appointments are hand written in a yearly planner that they use. The planner simply has a day and times of 15 mins intervals and 5 columns. The columns are headed with the names of the three Dental surgeons. Data collection To understand the current system, three methods of data collections were considered. 1. Questionnaire to all staff Advantages Disadvantages Quick way of collecting information from large number of people. Difficult to plan questions to collect complex data Useful if people are not available for interviews Cannot probe responses. Useful if people work in different parts of the office. Some find it easier to give honest accurate answers. 2. Interview the staff Advantages Disadvantages If well planned and questions are structured in advance lot of detailed information can be captured. People may not be fully truthful. Allows probing of responses to seek clarification or ask additional questions. People may not feel comfortable being interviewed. Takes up lot of time. 3. Observe the staff doing their job. Advantages Disadvantages See unusual things that users may not be aware of. Takes up lot of time. See the efficiency of the system. People suspicious of being watched. See which user needs access to what information See what people do with the information Understand the whole process easily, as different users carry out different parts of the process. Technique used As this is a small friendly dental surgery, questionnaire technique was rejected, as everyone was happy to be observed and interviewed. Questions planned for the interview are available in appendix A. Notes from the interview are available in Appendix B. Observation notes are available in Appendix C. Customer documents collected are available in Appendix D. Current system Process of making an appointment. When a patient calls to make an appointment, they normally speak to the receptionist. The receptionist asks which consult they are registered with, date ; time they wish to attend and checks in the yearly planner if the requested time slot is available on that day. If the slot is not available then the receptionist suggests alternate times that available either on that day on another day in that week. Once the appoint is agreed, the patient name is written in the book at the agreed time and a patient appointment reminder card is filled out by hand and given to the patient. Process of seeing the dental surgeon. When the patient arrives at the clinic, they see the receptionist and say either their name or time of appointment or say which surgeon they are here to see and at what time. The receptionist looks at the yearly planner and confirms the appointment. She marks the planner with a tick to indicate the patient has arrived and asks the patient to wait. She checks her manual file system and take out the patients records. Seeing the dental surgeon The patient record is passed to the dental surgeon who looks at last appointment notes in the patients records and then the dental nurse calls the patient in. After the treatment The dental nurse shows what treatment was carried out and passes the patient records back to the receptionist. The receptionist looks at the work sheet and any other notes and books a follow-up appointment if required or discharge the patient. The receptionist looks up the chart that shows the process of various treatments that is written on a page and tells the patients how much they need to pay. Processing patient payment The customer has the option of paying by cash, by credit card or delaying payment until the end of their treatment where follow-up appointments are needed. If payments are paid she writes paid next to the treatment detail else leaves it blank if it is to be paid later. The receptionist then hand writes a receipt for the payment received and hands it to the patient. The problem The problems with the way the surgery runs at the moment are: 1. When making an appointment for the patient, the receptionist has to go through a whole column of untidy hand written appointments and to look for time slots. This is keeping the patient on the telephone far longer then is necessary. 2. When the surgery is very busy, time is wasted as one receptionist is kept waiting with a patient until the other receptionist has finished using the yearly planner. 3. Client information is sometimes not written down. 4. Records are sometimes left on the receptionist desks. 5. Time is wasted moving records around from the receptionist to the dental nurse to the dental surgeon and back again. 6. Time is looking for records that have not been filed away. 7. Time is wasted when record sheets are sometimes left out of the patients records file. 8. Sometimes appoints are not recorded on the yearly planner. 9. Sometimes the writing is difficult to read. 10. Having to look up a treatment cost item on a page of paper leads to mistakes. 11. A PC was purchased but is not fully utilised (used for word-processing only). Current computer specification: 80386 33Mhz processor 32 Mb RAM 1.44Mb floppy Disk drive EGA graphs adaptor, EGA monitor 100Mb hard disk drive Mouse, Keyboard Windows 95, Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint HP ink jet printer. Problem with this hardware ; software Supplier does, not support software, the motherboard is too slow to run modern software and upgrading with more hard disk and memory is too costly. User Requirements The people that would use the new system are: the two receptionists, the three Dental Surgeons and sometimes the three Dental Nurse. Both receptionists will have the ability to: 1. Register new patients. Check which surgeon has least number of patients? If all full, refer patient to another clinic. Otherwise take down following data for each member of the family being registered: Medical number, full name, gender, age, address, postcode, contact numbers A menu form needs to have a selection button to add new record. Access will be used for this data. 2. Delete patients record if they fail to attend two of the six monthly check-ups. Need to add two six-monthly check indicators. Letters needs to go out to them requesting them to make appointment if its been six months since last check date. Date of last appointment needs to be recorded. 3. Edit patient record. The menu form needs to have a button to update an existing record. Receptionist need to search for a record based on patients full name and be able to select to view full patient details. She can change data and the record must be resaved before they exit. A save exit button is required on the edit patient details form. 4. View patient records using surname. A query menu form button is needed to allow viewing of records by surname. 5. View patients by surgeon. A query menu form button is needed to allow viewing of patients by surgeon. 6. Record payment state (paid, postpone payment, no charge) The patient record needs to have payment field, and amount outstanding, with three options for data. (paid, deferred, free). If amount is paid, a receipt must be printed. 7. A appointment form is required that allows new appoints to be booked, existing appoints to be confirmed, existing appointment to be deleted. The Appointment data record is needed that records, patients name. The record needs to have, surgeon name, date, time with 15 mins intervals. Beginning at 9.00 and ending with 6.00P.M. These should be set defaulted to available, a patient name is entered in this field if appoint is made and reset to available if appointment is cancelled. Appointment menu form must have two options a phone appointment or surgery follow-up appointment. The surgery follow-up appointment must print the appointment card. (This may be better done in spreadsheet, this will not be implemented) 8. View available appointments must show all available time slots at a glance for that day. It needs to show only what is available by surgeon. (Will not be implemented) 9. Training: require short training on how to use the newly developed system. Project Plan. The overall project is to be carried out in three phases, and only phase 1 will be implemented at this time: Phase1 : A single user system for the two receptionist to share. Phase2: A multi user system allowing both receptionists the use of the system at the same time. Phase3: A multi user records access for the dental surgeons. Proposed solution: A small and effective database system is to be developed that can handle the above user requirements. The user requirements 7 and 8 will not be implemented at this stage due to timescales available. Database software options: Access or Excel What are the similarities between excel and Access? * They both have a form view and a table view * They can input data * They can produce tables * They have Form view * They can both do queries * They can add or delete records * They can both have Validation, which is when the computer checks the information being put in the computer is sensible. i.e. if it has 11 spaces for a telephone or mobile number and you enter twelve it wont let you move on. It also changes mistakes if it thinks they are wrong. What are the differences? * In Access you have to chose a field * In access you have to make the first field the key field which is a unique number so that you can not mistake it for anything else * In Access you have wizards to help you create tables, forms, and reports * Access is a relational database which means you can link together tables * In Access its easier to do Mail Merge and produce reports. * Excel specializes in number processing and modeling where as access special in data management. Proposed hardware A suitable specification I think they need is: * 512mb RAM, 80 Gb Hard Drive * 2.8 GHz processor * 56K modem, Keyboard, Mouse * 128Mb 3D Video graphics adaptor, 17 flat screen monitor * Ink jet printer * CD RW drive, 1.44Mb floppy * 100Mbit Ethernet network card. Reasons for choosing this specification: Computer is fast and can run all modern software. Large amount of RAM to allow multiple tasks to be run. CD RW drive allows reliable backing ups of data. Network card will be required for multi user system. A large flat screen monitor is selected to save space in a small reception room. A small ink jet printer is selected because the demand for printing is quite small. Proposed Software Specifications * MS Office 2000 professional software suite MsWord, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, Outlook, * Operating System Windows XP I have chosen Windows XP, as it is the latest of the Windows. It is easy to use, allows multi-access accounts to be setup for different users. Application Suite, as it is cheaper than buying each program separately. It also allows strong data portability between various applications for example, create process models on spreadsheets, Use Access for patients records storage and queries and do Mail Merge with Word for generating payment receipts and printing follow-up appointment card. Access has the additional advantages of being able to validate data, sort data by various options, perform searches, create a standard reports and merge with other packages like a word processor to allow standardized letters. Hardware Options: A lap top and a Desk top similar spec computers were compared to determine the best value. Desktop : Pentathlon Thunderbird ( Supplier: http://www.pentathlondirect.co.uk ) * 266MHz FSB Motherboard with Athlon XP2000 Processor * 64Mbmax Integrated 3D graphics, * 256mb RAM, 40GB, 17 inch monitor * CD Re-Writer , CD-ROM Drive * 56K Modem * 3.5 Floppy Disk Drive * Keyboard , Mouse 3 years parts and labour return to manufacturer. Supplied with original Microsoft XP installation CD and all drivers for Windows 95/98/ME/2000 and XP Price: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 475 including VAT Laptop Supplier: http://www.thelaptopsite.com Reference LAP03-829021 Manufacturer Hewlett Packard Model Evo NX9005 Processor AMD Athlon 2000 Memory 256mb HDD 30gb FDD 1.44 FDD CDROM/DVD DVD/CDRW Operating System Windows XP Professional Display 14.1 tft Condition New Manufacturers Warranty Price: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 799 including VAT I have decided to recommend a desktop tower computer rather then a lap top because: Desktop comes with a larger screen size, it can be placed on the floor under the desk and out of sight; it is much cheaper then a similar spec laptop. The price of the desktop recommended will be approximately à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1200. DESIGN All forms will be designed in this style. This will ensure everything looks similar for the user. Item Text details Text Position Colour Background Main Heading Font:20:Italic:Bold Centered Blue Form colour Labels Font: 14: Bold Left aligned Black Form colour Buttons Font:12:Bold Centre Black grey Forms N/A N/A N/A Dark Cyan background Compulsory data Font:12: Left Black Light orange Optional data Font:12 Left Black Light green Diagram showing the major components of the inputs and outputs User FORMS Design: Query1. Purpose: View patients belonging to a specified surgeon. Input: Surgeon name Process: Query database to look all patients against name given. Output: shows gender, forename, surname, contact numbers for all patients found. Query 2. View patient details. Input: Patient forename and surname Process: Query database to look for all patients against forename and surname. Output: Show full record details about the patient Pressing new patient Button brings up this form Database design New patient record Field Name Type Length Required Indexed Validation Duplicates Record ID Auto Number Primary key Yes No No No Medical No text 20 chars Yes No No No Gender text 1 char Yes No M/F Yes Forename text 20chars Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Surname text 20 char Yes Yes Type Check (cap first letter) Yes House No text 10 char Yes No No Yes Address1 text 50 chars Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Address2 text 20 char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Address3 text 20 char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Address 4 text 20 char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Post code text 9 char Yes No Type Check (ccnn ccnn) yes Day time No text 12 char Yes No Character check Yes Mobile No text 12 char Yes No Character Check Yes DOB Date 10 char Yes No Type Check Yes Last appointment Date 10 char Yes No Type Check Yes Expiry date date 10 Char Yes No Type Check Yes Reminder status Text 1 char Yes No Y/N Yes Payment status Text 10 chars Yes No Paid, Defer, Free Yes Amount due Currency Integer No Yes Type Check Yes Surgeons table Field Name Type Length Required Indexed Validation Duplicates Surgeon ID Auto Number Primary key Yes No N/A No Title Text 4 char Yes No Dr, Mr, Mrs, Miss Yes Forename Text 20 Char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Surname Text 20 Char Yes Yes Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Address1 Text 50 Char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Address2 Text 20 Char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Address3 Text 20 Char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Address4 Text 20 Char Yes No Type Check (cap first letter) Yes Post Code Text 9 Char Yes No Type Check (ccnn ccnn) Yes Home No Text 12 char Yes No Character Check Yes Mob No Text 12 char Yes No Character Check Yes Surgery Table Field Name Type Length Required Indexed Validation Duplicates Patient ID Number Long Integer Yes Yes field key No Surgeon ID Number Long Integer Yes Yes field key No Diagram showing how the tables are linked together by key fields. Appendix A Questions for the interview 1. When patients joins the clinic what information do you record.? 2. When patient makes an appointment what information do you take down? 3. When patient arrives for his treatment, how do you note who is waiting for which surgeon? 4. When a person needs a follow-up appointment what do you record? 5. What additional tasks do you perform for a follow-up appointment? 6. How do you record information about patient payments of treatment? 7. What difficulties do you experience when you become very busy? 8. What happens to patients that you cannot deal with? 9. How do you track patients for different surgeons? 10. How many people are there working at the surgery? 11. How do you know how much to charge for different treatments? 12. Do patients cancel appoints? 13. What happens when they do this? Appendix B Answers given at interview A.1 When a new patients comes to register with us, we know the number of new patients that each surgeon will take. If they can take on new patients, then, we ask them to fill in a form about their medical details otherwise we refer them to another dental surgery. We then check the form and ask them to sign their declaration. We ask for their medical card and record the number as well as their names and address details. We also ask for details about their family members and their details. A.2 We take down their first name and surname and record it in our appointment planner against the surgeons name and time of appointment. The planner allows us to make appointments every 15 mins. A3. Yes, when a patient arrives, they usually say the time of their appointment and their name. We write a tick against their name, which indicates they are wait in reception. A4. We do the same as we did before as if the patient is making a new appointment but we know their name and surgeons name so simply agree on suitable time? A5. When we agree on the appointment time and day, we fill in a appoint card with the date and time details and hand it to the patient. We also ask about them to see if they wish to pay today or pay for everything at the end of the treatment. Most patients prefer to pay as treatment is being carried out. Some do decide they will pay the total amount at the end. We also have patients that dont have to pay if they are on job seeker allowance or social security benefit. A6. We make a note on the treatment card, if they have paid or deferred payment or no charge. If they pay we write out a receipt for them. A7. I find it very frustrating when we have people making queries and we have to wait for the appointment planner to be freed up before we can deal with the patient. We sometimes spend time looking for patient sheets in the filing cabinet which one of us has not filed and may be lying on the desk. Sometimes we dont get the treatment sheet and have to ask the dental nurse to look for it the surgeons treatment room and the customer is kept waiting. A8. The dental surgeon refers the patient to the specialist clinic. This involves writing to the clinic and requesting an appointment. It can three to four weeks for the appointment to come. A9. We file each patient records in different filing cabinet and on the planner we write down the name of the surgeon so that his patients are under his named column. A10. There are the three surgeons, three medical nurse and two of us at reception. A11. We have a list of treatments and prices against them. The surgeon writes down what treatment he has carried out and calculates the total. A12/13. Yes, quite often, all we do is put a diagonal line across it and make a new appointment. If they cancel before 48 hours, we do not charge them, otherwise we charge them à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20. Appendix C Notes taken during observation Observing the surgeon: Receptionist takes the notes from the filing cabinet and passes it to the nurse. The surgeon checks his last notes. The nurse calls the patient in. The treatment is carried out and the surgeon writes, the treatment he carried out and indicates if follow-up appointment is needed, he makes a brief notes about what he needs to do next time. The patient leaves the treatment room and the nurse returns the patient file to the receptionist desk. The next patient is the called in. Observing the Dental Nurse: Dental nurses are only involved in fetching and returning the patients records to and from the surgeon and assisting the surgeon. They do not write anything on the patients notes. Observing the Receptionist: Confirmed what the receptionist said she did with customer handling process. All information given during the interview was correct. Also observed the time wasted when the clinic becomes busy and how frustrated they become having to share a single appointment planner. The times they take to write out the receipt and appointment card is quite effective, but it takes a lower priority to ensuring surgeons receives the patients records and are not waiting. This means keeping the customer waiting longer then is necessary. Customer are frequently kept waiting as they try to pay for treatment or make follow-up appointments. New people arriving are given higher priority.